Direction Basics

Four Main Directions

         North (N)
            ↑
West (W) ←  •  → East (E)
            ↓
         South (S)

Four Cardinal Directions

     N
  NW   NE
W    •    E
  SW   SE
     S

Important Angles

• North to East: 90° (clockwise)
• Each direction change: 45° or 90°

Key Rules

Rule 1: Opposite Directions

• North ↔ South
• East ↔ West
• NE ↔ SW
• NW ↔ SE

Rule 2: Right/Left Turns

If facing North:

• Right turn → East
• Left turn → West

If facing East:

• Right turn → South
• Left turn → North

Rule 3: About Turn

• Complete 180° turn
• Faces opposite direction

Pythagoras in Direction

When movements form right angle:

Distance = √(horizontal² + vertical²)

Example:

• 3 km East, then 4 km North
• Distance from start = √(3² + 4²) = √25 = 5 km

Solved Examples

Q1: A person walks 5 km North, then 3 km East. Find distance from starting point.

Solution:

Forms right triangle
Distance = √(5² + 3²)
         = √(25 + 9)
         = √34 ≈ 5.83 km

Q2: Facing North, turn right, then left, then right. Which direction now?

Solution:

Start: North
Right: East
Left: North
Right: East
Answer: East

Important Tricks

Trick 1: Drawing Diagram

• Always draw movement path
• Helps visualize final position

Trick 2: Shortcuts

• Equal E-W movements cancel out
• Equal N-S movements cancel out